AI Helped Homework Scores but Hurt Exam Performance, Study of 27,000 Chinese Pupils Finds
AI use raised homework scores 18% but cut exam scores 20%, a study of 27,000 Chinese pupils found.
The study, conducted by David Stromberg of Stockholm University and Victor Lei and Wu Yanhui of the University of Hong Kong, tracked pupils aged 12 to 18 in China, where AI adoption has been rapid. Around 80 percent of the pupils said they used AI models such as Doubao and DeepSeek; the other 20 percent formed a control group. After six months, the AI users' average homework score had risen by 18 percent across all subjects, and the time needed to complete each assignment fell from an average of 64 minutes to 45 minutes. At exam time, however, the same students scored 20 percent below classmates who had not used AI.
A survey last year by Chegg, an ed-tech firm, found that 80 percent of undergraduates in rich countries used AI in their studies. More recent polls put the figure at 94 percent in Britain and 93 percent in Germany. Teachers have reported marking identikit essays that they suspect were produced by ChatGPT, the report said.
The Economist noted that homework scores once predicted exam performance, but among these pupils, higher homework scores now appear to be associated with worse exam results. The report said, "AI can boost learning productivity, but only for those who use the technology intelligently. Students must resist the temptation to reach for an AI-generated answer before thinking things through for themselves."