Travel adapters vs. chargers: Voltage is the real issue
ZDNet explains the difference between universal adapters and travel chargers, stressing voltage safety for international travelers.
The piece explains that the US wall outlet, which delivers 120V/60Hz power, is not a worldwide standard. While Type-A and Type-B plugs are common across the Americas and parts of Asia, the voltage can vary significantly. For example, Japan uses compatible outlets but supplies 100V, while Paraguay delivers 230V. Other regions, including the UK, Ireland, Singapore and Hong Kong, use the three-prong Type G system with a large fused plug.
Voltage mismatches can lead to overheating, melting or fires. If a device built for 120V is connected to 230V, it may overheat and fail; if connected to 100V, it likely just won't work. ZDNET notes that most modern consumer electronics are designed to operate across a wide voltage range, such as 100-240V, but not all devices are.
To stay safe, the report advises travelers to read the voltage information printed on each device, using a smartphone magnifier to see small print. If a device supports a broad voltage range, a simple plug adapter will suffice; otherwise, a voltage converter is necessary. However, standard travel adapters do not convert voltages.